By Dr Samantha Ruppel, 12 September 2025 – Concepts of peace are often shaped by normative assumptions – with a liberal understanding and a focus on institutions, democracy and the market. However, this model ignores the frictions that can arise when universal norms encounter local contexts. Power imbalances between global and local actors, between forms of knowledge and political structures, shape peace processes and influence which perspectives are heard and which are marginalised. A hybrid approach to peace that integrates both top-down and bottom-up dynamics can reflect these frictions in order not only to implement peace, but also to take into account different ideas of peace. This article discusses the need for critical reflection on these power relations and shows how local actors shape spaces for peace despite structural inequalities.